A Sample Selection Model of Consumer Adoption of Computer Banking

We develop a bivariate probit selection model of consumer access and adoption that accounts for the cross equation correlations of the errors. The Survey of Consumers, collected by the University of Michigan, is the database used to estimate the model. We find a significant cross equation correlation between consumers perceived access and their use of computer banking. Based on our results, the bivariate selection model provides asymptotically more efficient estimates than does a single equation model because the bivariate selection model accounts for the sample selection bias associated with access. In addition, the bivariate selection model has a higher percentage of correctly predicted adopters than does the corresponding single equation (univariate) model.     

A posteriori ratemaking using bivariate Poisson models

Recently, different bivariate Poisson regression models have been used in the actuarial literature to make an a priori ratemaking taking into account the dependence between two types of claims. A natural extension for these models is to consider a posteriori ratemaking (i.e. experience rating models) that also relaxes the independence assumption. We introduce here two bivariate experience rating models that integrate the a priori ratemaking based on the bivariate Poisson regression models, extending the existing literature for the univariate case to the bivariate case. These bivariate experience rating models are applied to an automobile insurance claims data-set to analyse the consequences for posterior premiums when the independence assumption is relaxed. The main finding is that the a posteriori risk factors obtained with the bivariate experience rating models are significantly lower than those factors derived under the independence assumption.     

贫困农户信贷可获得性影响因素的实证研究

本文运用判别抽样法,定点选取了16个省（市）国定贫困县中的1503户暂时性贫 困农户为对象,对其经济特征、信贷需求及贷款可获得性进行了调查分析,在此基础上,运用 Probit模型对其贷款可获得性影响因素进行了实证检验。调查发现：大多数暂时性贫困农户均 有信贷需求,且以中短期和小额为主,用途以消费为主,生产次之,信贷可获得性整体偏低, 且正规信贷获取难度大于非正规信贷。实证结果显示：户主受教育程度、家庭收入、社会关系 对贫困农户正规信贷和整体信贷可获得性均有正向影响;家庭社会关系及区域影响力对非正 规信贷可获性有显著正向影响,金融机构物理距离对贫困农户信贷可获得性产生了一定的排斥 效应。可见,户主文化程度、家庭收入、社会关系、金融网点已成为我国贫困农户信贷可获得 性的现实制约因素。     

我国老年人自评健康状况及其影响因素研究——基于ordered probit模型的估计

基于2006年中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)的截面数据,描述了我国老年人的健康状况,利用Ordered Probit模型分析了影响老年人健康状况的因素,如个人身体特征、社会经济特征、自身行为和医疗保险可及性等,发现不同年龄、性别和户籍的老年人健康状况存在差异.     

股指期货套期保值策略在股票型开放式基金风险管理中的应用

文章以沪深300指数中的IF0912合约为例,将双变量GARCH模型引入股票型开放式基金的风险管理中,实证研究股指期货套期保值策略在股票型开放式基金风险管理中的应用.研究结果表明:最小方差套期保值策略与时变套期保值策略虽然并不能完全消除风险,但相比未套期保值策略来说,采取套期保值策略可以降低股票型开放式基金的VaR(在险价值),其中基于双变量GARCH模型的时变套期保值策略的保值效果最佳.     

中国存在B-S难题吗?

目前中国依赖投资和出口驱动的经济发展模式已经引发诸多弊端和不良效应,在开放条件下,汇率变动对消费影响越来越大,居民消费变动的传递也会影响实际汇率,对中国的经验证据发现,实际汇率升值会抑制当前消费,随着消费增长率的增加,汇率被低估的概率减少,验证了B-S难题(消费—实际汇率悖论)在中国成立。     

转型经济国家汇率制度选择对金融稳定的影响——基于Probit模型和Logit模型的测算

文章以26个转型经济国家为样本建立Probit模型和Logit模型,将金融危机发生概率与本国的汇率制度进行实证分析。模型稳定,定量变量、固定变量和控制变量都比较显著,尤其是文章考察的重点——2个固定变量。结果表明,同时期在三种汇率制度类型中,固定汇率制度发生金融危机的概率最小。因此转型经济国家当前应该选择固定汇率制度,稳定国内金融环境。     

农户可持续生计与征地意愿分析——以江苏省苏南、苏北典型村庄农户问卷调查为例

本文在可持续生计框架下,通过实地调研,从农户层次上揭示农户可持续生计对征地意愿的影响。采用描述统计方法分析了人力资产、自然资产、物质资产、金融资产和社会资产对征地意愿的影响,为进一步验证其影响的性质及显著性,建立了农户征地意愿的Probit模型。描述统计分析和模型运行结果都显示,农户生计可持续性对农户影响十分明显,家庭收入、人均耕地面积、社会资本潜力水平、拥有保险情况、农户受教育程度是影响征地意愿的主导因素。因此,征地过程中若提高农民对征地制度的满意程度,就需要从根本上解决农民的可持续性生计,消弱农户的脆弱性,提高农民应对征地风险和恢复生计的能力。     

An assessment of farmers’ satisfaction with land consolidation performance in China

Rural land consolidation has been a very important and efficient development tool all over the world for a century and is now an indispensable instrument for rural sustainable development in China. The Chinese central government has devoted large sums of money to rural consolidation projects each year in an effort to help protect cultivated land, to improve agricultural production, to enhance the socio-economic development of rural communities, and to help build rural landscapes. However, little attention has been paid to evaluating the performance of land consolidation projects from the view of community members, which is sorely needed. Household satisfaction with land consolidation projects is a key indicator of consolidation performance. Understanding the factors that influence household satisfaction is an effective way of dealing with problems in the interactions between land restructuring and human behaviors in rural areas and can help improve project performance. This paper examines the performance of land consolidation in terms of rural households’ levels of satisfaction in rural China and analyses the most influential factors of satisfaction. Data were gathered via questionnaires and analyzed with a probit model. Results indicated three significant points. First, overall satisfaction rate was 76.5%, meaning that most rural households in the regions of Hangzhou, Changsha, and Guiyang were satisfied with land consolidation projects. Second, 11 factors significantly affected rural residents’ satisfaction with consolidation. These factors included farmers’ level of education, employment characteristics, family size, input level of agricultural production, agricultural produce transportation methods, level of agricultural mechanization, the characteristics of land transfer in the village and within their own families, the perceived importance of land consolidation, their level of social insurance support, and their participation in rural production cooperatives. Third, six of these factors had positive effects on performance; four had negative effects, and one (employment characteristics) demonstrated a significant influence.     

Consumers’ perceived risk and hold and use of payment instruments

Consumer decisions regarding retail payment instruments entail private and social costs. Due to these social costs, policymakers are increasingly trying to understand the determinants of consumer payment choices as documented by the European Central Bank’s regular publications. This article contributes to this understanding by investigating the role of perceived risk. Based on an original survey of French consumers, we measure the effects of perceived risk on the decisions to hold and use the main retail payment instruments: cash, card and cheque. We point to the sequential dependence of the decisions to hold and use a payment instrument, and study jointly both decisions. The bivariate analysis based on risk factors shows that unavailability risk and time risk have the greatest transverse influence on holding and using payment instruments. Our results, robust to controlling for consumer characteristics, confirm their propensity for a quick-to-use and constantly available payment instrument. We discuss the relevance of our results for policy making purposes.